How a Bank Works
The money cycle behind every module
CustomerDeposits money (savings, FD, RD)
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Bank CoreKeeps reserve (CRR) + liquid assets (SLR)
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Bank CoreLends rest: home, vehicle, gold, business
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CustomerBorrowers pay EMI + interest
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SystemBank pays depositors, keeps margin
How a bank earns
Net interest incomeLending rate − deposit rate
Fee incomeCards, processing, forex, locker
TreasuryBonds, forex, derivatives
Insurance / wealthDistribution commissions
Who regulates it
RBILicence, CRR/SLR, KYC, cyber rules
SEBIMutual funds, broking
IRDAIInsurance distribution
NPCIUPI, IMPS, FASTag rails
CRR/SLR ratios are set by RBI and change over time; this demo uses sample figures only.
Digital Channels
Ways to bank: mobile app, net banking, WhatsApp, SMS, ATM, branch
What it covers
Mobile app (400+ services)Net bankingWhatsApp bankingSMS bankingPockets-style wallet appATM & cash recyclersBranch
Customer journey
CustomerInstalls app + SIM binding
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SystemSets MPIN + biometrics
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CustomerLogs in, views accounts
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SystemSession + risk check
Staff / back-office journey
AdminConfigures services & limits
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SystemPushes alerts + offers
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TellerAssists in branch
Systems & data
Channel gatewayOne API layer for all channels
Session storeShort-lived tokens
Notification engineSMS / push / WhatsApp
Controls & risk
LoginMPIN + biometrics + device binding
TimeoutAuto logout when idle
AlertsOn new device login
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Biometric login
Transaction alerts
International usage
Accounts
Personal, family, salary, NRI and business accounts
What it covers
SavingsSalaryFamily bankingMinor / SeniorCurrentNRE / NRORERA & Escrow
Customer journey
CustomerApplies online / branch
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Systeme-KYC fetch
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Customere-signs, funds account
Staff / back-office journey
TellerVerifies KYC + AML
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Branch MgrApproves
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Bank CoreCreates CIF + account
Systems & data
CIFOne customer ID across products
Account masterType, branch, status, limits
Controls & risk
KYCPAN + Aadhaar + video KYC
DedupeDuplicate customer check
DormancyAuto-flag inactive accounts
Payments & UPI
Instant transfers, bill pay, FASTag and cardless cash
What it covers
UPI / QRIMPSNEFTRTGSBill payments (BBPS)FASTagCardless cashMobile recharge
Customer journey
CustomerPicks payee + amount
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SystemAuth (PIN/OTP) + limits
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NPCIRoutes to other bank
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Bank CoreDebit + ledger entry
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SystemReceipt + SMS
Staff / back-office journey
AdminSets limits & fees
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OpsReconciles with NPCI / RBI files
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OpsHandles failed-txn reversals
Systems & data
Payment hubRoutes UPI / IMPS / NEFT / RTGS
LedgerDouble-entry posting
Recon engineMatches bank vs network files
Controls & risk
LimitsPer-txn and daily
Fraud rulesVelocity, new payee, device
ReversalAuto-refund of failed debits
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Cards
Debit, credit, prepaid, forex and business cards
What it covers
DebitCreditPrepaidForex cardBusiness / corporateEMI on card
Customer journey
CustomerRequests card
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SystemEligibility + limit set
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CustomerActivates + sets PIN
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CustomerControls usage in app
Staff / back-office journey
Loan OfficerUnderwrites credit card
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OpsPrints + dispatches
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RiskMonitors fraud + overdue
Systems & data
Card managementLifecycle, PIN, blocks
Card networkVisa / RuPay / Mastercard auth
RewardsPoints engine
Controls & risk
ControlsOn/off by channel, limit by txn
FraudReal-time scoring + SMS confirm
PCI-DSSCard data protection
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Online transactions
International usage
Contactless
ATM withdrawals
Deposits & Savings Goals
Fixed, recurring, sweep-in and goal-based deposits
What it covers
FDRDSweep-in FDGoal deposits (iWish-style)PPFSukanya (SSY)Tax-saver FD
Customer journey
CustomerChooses amount + tenure
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SystemShows maturity value
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Bank CoreDebits + books deposit
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SystemCertificate + alerts
Staff / back-office journey
AdminPublishes rates
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Bank CoreAccrues interest daily
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OpsAuto-renews / pays at maturity
Systems & data
Deposit masterPrincipal, rate, maturity
Interest engineDaily accrual + TDS
Controls & risk
TDSOn interest above threshold
Premature closurePenalty rules
NominationMandatory capture
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Retail Loans
Home, car, two-wheeler, personal, gold, education, against securities, consumer EMI
What it covers
HomeCarTwo-wheelerPersonalGoldEducationAgainst securitiesConsumer EMI (no-cost)
Customer journey
CustomerDigital application
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SystemBureau + pre-approval
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Customere-signs sanction
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Bank CoreDisburses + EMI plan
Staff / back-office journey
Loan OfficerDocs + appraisal
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Branch MgrSanction
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OpsDisbursal + lien / mortgage entry
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CollectionsFollows up overdue EMIs
Systems & data
LOSLoan origination workflow
LMSLoan servicing + EMI schedule
Bureau APICredit score pull
Controls & risk
FOIR / LTVIncome & collateral limits
Maker–checkerOn sanction
NPA taggingAutomatic ageing
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Open the Loan Centre →Investments & Wealth
Mutual funds, SIP, demat & trading, IPO, bonds, gold, portfolio and private banking
What it covers
Mutual funds (2,500+ schemes)SIPDemat & tradingIPOBondsGold monetisationPortfolio managementPrivate banking
Customer journey
CustomerCompletes risk profile
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CustomerPicks fund / SIP
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SystemAuto-debit mandate
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CustomerTracks portfolio
Staff / back-office journey
Relationship MgrAdvises + reviews
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OpsSettles with AMC / exchange
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ComplianceSuitability + KYC checks
Systems & data
Investment platformOrders + holdings
AMC / exchange linksOrder routing
DematSecurities held in depository
Controls & risk
Risk profilingProduct suitability
SEBI rulesDisclosures + records
SegregationClient assets kept separate
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Insurance
Bank-distributed life, health, motor, travel and general insurance
What it covers
Term lifeHealthMotorTravelHome / firePersonal accident
Customer journey
CustomerRequests quote
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SystemNeeds analysis
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CustomerPays premium
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SystemPolicy issued by insurer
Staff / back-office journey
Relationship MgrAdvice
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OpsSends to insurer
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ComplianceIRDAI records
Systems & data
Insurer APIQuote + issuance
Policy storeDocuments + renewals
Controls & risk
ConsentProduct disclosure
Mis-sellingCall-back verification
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NRI Banking & Forex
NRE/NRO accounts, remittance, forex cards, overseas UPI
What it covers
NRENROOverseas savingsReturning NRIRemittance (Money2India-style)Forex & travel cardsGlobal UPIFATCA
Customer journey
CustomerOpens NRI account online
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SystemOverseas KYC
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CustomerSends / receives remittance
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Bank CoreConverts + credits
Staff / back-office journey
OpsFEMA / FATCA checks
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TreasuryQuotes FX rate
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ComplianceReports
Systems & data
Forex engineRates + spreads
Remittance partnersInbound transfers
Controls & risk
FEMARepatriation rules
FATCATax residency
Purpose codesRequired per remittance
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Business Banking
Current accounts, cash management, e-collection, trade and working capital
What it covers
Current / RERA / EscrowCash managementE-collectionBulk payoutsTrade finance (export-import)Working capitalMerchant / POSPayroll
Customer journey
BusinessOpens current account
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SystemCorporate KYC + UBO
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BusinessCollects via virtual accounts
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Bank CoreAuto-reconciles
Staff / back-office journey
Relationship MgrOnboards
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Credit OfficerAppraises limit
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OpsProcesses trade documents
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TreasuryForex hedging
Systems & data
Corporate portalMaker–checker for payments
Virtual accountsPer-customer collection
Trade platformLC / BG processing
Controls & risk
Dual approvalOn bulk payouts
Sanction limitsPer level
AMLTransaction monitoring
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Agri & Rural
Farmer finance, tractor loans, Kisan credit and SHG lending
What it covers
Kisan creditTractor loanCrop loanDairy & alliedSHG lendingRural deposits
Customer journey
FarmerApplies with land records
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Field OfficerVisits + verifies
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Branch MgrSanctions
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Bank CoreDisburses seasonally
Staff / back-office journey
Field OfficerSurvey + crop plan
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OpsSubsidy / interest-subvention claims
Systems & data
Land records link7/12 extract
Crop calendarRepayment after harvest
Controls & risk
Priority sectorRegulatory targets
InsuranceCrop cover
MoratoriumWeather-linked
Core Banking & Back Office
Everything customers never see
What it covers
Core banking (CBS)General ledgerClearing & settlementReconciliationTreasuryRisk & complianceMIS & reportingCustomer serviceBranch & ATM ops
Customer journey
CustomerAny transaction
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Bank CorePosts to CBS
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Bank CoreUpdates GL
Staff / back-office journey
OpsDay-end processing
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TreasuryManages liquidity
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ComplianceFiles regulatory returns
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SupportHandles grievances
Systems & data
CBSAccounts, balances, transactions
GLBank-wide books
Data warehouseAnalytics + MIS
Controls & risk
Segregation of dutiesNo single approver
ReconciliationDaily, break aging
Business continuityDR site
Bank Day Cycle
What happens from branch opening to end-of-day
Branch MgrOpens branch, vault cash checked
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TellerCustomer transactions through day
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SystemReal-time UPI / IMPS; RTGS windows
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OpsCut-off: clearing + NEFT batches
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Bank CoreEOD: interest accrual, EMI debits, charges
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OpsReconciliation + GL balancing
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ComplianceRegulatory + MIS reports
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SystemBackup → next-day start
End-of-day checks
Cash book = vault cashMust tally
All pending approvals closedReview
Suspense accounts clearedReview
Batch jobs completedAuto
Backup verifiedAuto